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Rendering of a photovoltaic canopy on UH Mānoa’s main parking structure.

A large photovoltaic canopy on the top deck of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa’s main parking structure and several rooftop systems that will generate about 2 megawatts (MW) of electricity is part of new renewable energy project to boost the campus toward its net-zero goal of generating as much electricity as it uses.

The canopy PV system will also provide shade for cars and pedestrians on the lower campus parking structure.

“Not only does this make economic sense, these projects will help the state achieve its overall 100 percent clean energy goals. It’s the right thing to do for future generations,” said David Lassner, UH Mānoa interim chancellor.

Mānoa campus has a base load of approximately 10MW and a peak load of about 20MW, which is the energy consumption equivalent of around 10,000 to 20,000 residential homes. An estimated 60 percent of the campus’ energy is consumed by precision Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems to support research activities.

Photovoltaic parking structure rendering.

“The design team was able to maximize the number of solar panels with absolutely no reduction in the total number of parking stalls,” said Blake Araki, UH Mānoa director of operations and facilities. “These PV projects, coupled with deep efficiency retrofits including LED conversions, HVAC system modernizations, and optimizing space utilization will help the university to both reduce its electricity costs and create 21st century facilities for our students.”

The PV systems were procured using a power purchase agreement, which allows the campus to pay for the design and construction of clean energy projects through anticipated energy cost savings. The project is expected to save between $2 million to $8 million over its lifetime, depending on future energy costs.

“These renewable energy projects are the first in a series of PV systems to be constructed at Mānoa campus over the next 10 years on our path toward net-zero energy,” said Miles Topping, UH director of energy management.

UH campuses are mandated to achieve net-zero energy by 2035, and have launched a number of initiatives to advance their net-zero goals.

During the PV canopy construction, about half of the top floor parking will be closed.

The project is targeted to be completed by the end of 2019.

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Brookfield Renewable Partners (NYSE:BEP) has quietly built one of the largest publicly traded renewable power platforms in the world. In the past five years alone, the company has invested $3.5 billion into new opportunities, including recently spending $420 million to nearly double its stake in TerraForm Power (NASDAQ:TERP), which is a wind and solar energy generating company. Those investments have enabled Brookfield to pay a consistently growing distribution to investors, which currently yields an attractive 6.3{0b7da518931e2dc7f5435818fa9adcc81ac764ac1dff918ce2cdfc05099e9974}.

However, as good as that payout is now, it should be even better in the future, given the optimistic outlook Brookfield has for investing in the renewable power sector. That was evident in the comments of CEO Sachin Shah on the company’s second-quarter conference call, as well as in his remarks in the quarterly letter to investors. Here’s why Brookfield is so bullish on renewables.

Wind turbines in a field with the sun setting in the background.

Image source: Getty Images.

Shifting from going green to making green

On the second-quarter call, Shah stated:

With regards to the broader investment environment, while growth of renewables was initially driven by growing support for carbon reduction with continued declines in the cost for new renewables, adoption is increasingly being driven by economic rationale. Even with declines in subsidies for renewables, we continue to see higher renewable targets from governments around the world. These targets will require significant investment over the coming decades and, as subsidies decline or fall away, this opportunity will increasingly favor those investors who can drive value enhancement of cash flows from operating expertise as opposed to financial or tax-driven buyers.

As Shah points out, there has been a notable shift in the main driver of renewable energy investment in recent years toward economics. Therefore, the sector now favors companies that know how to increase the operational efficiency of renewable energy-generating assets. That tilts the scale toward companies like Brookfield and TerraForm Power, which under the assistance of Brookfield, has focused much of its recent efforts at driving down costs to improve the profitability of its assets.

However, while the renewable investment landscape has changed, “we continue to execute our long-term business plan of establishing strong operating and growth capabilities in our core markets around the world across multiple technologies,” according to Shah. That will allow Brookfield to “pursue acquisition and development opportunities” that it can efficiently integrate onto its platform so that it can generate strong returns.

Solar panels in the field with a bright sun in the background.

Image source: Getty Images.

A multidecade, multitrillion-dollar opportunity

Shah took things a step further in his letter to investors by giving a broad overview of the overall opportunity Brookfield sees ahead for investing in the renewable space. First, he provided a quick review by noting: “Globally, over the last five years, approximately $1 trillion of capital has been invested into renewables and over 1 million megawatts of new renewables have been added to the global power market. This is equal to replacing the entire electrical capacity in the United States with renewable power.”

However, despite this massive investment in recent years “wind and solar still account for less than 8{0b7da518931e2dc7f5435818fa9adcc81ac764ac1dff918ce2cdfc05099e9974} of global power supply,” according to Shah. He noted further that “even if one assumes the current annual pace of investment of approximately $300 billion continues, the level of overall renewable penetration will remain modest for many years.” 

Therefore, he believes:

We are in the early stages of a transformation of the global power grid, moving from fossil fuels to renewables. This will require significant investment over multiple decades. We estimate that replacing the non-renewable capacity in our core markets with wind and solar will require over $10 trillion of investment. Accordingly, the opportunity to invest and grow our business should be substantial for many decades.

Given the sheer size of the renewable investment opportunity in its core markets, Brookfield should have ample opportunity to expand its portfolio. That will allow the company to be selective and focus on building or buying assets that can generate high returns such as TerraForm Power, where Brookfield’s incremental $420 million investment will produce $80 million in annual cash flow. It’s high-returning investments like that — which should be plentiful in the coming years because of the shift toward economics and the overall market potential — that make Brookfield such a compelling renewable energy stock for the long haul.

The right approach to maximize this opportunity

Brookfield’s focus on investing for returns has served it well over the years. Overall, the company has generated a 15{0b7da518931e2dc7f5435818fa9adcc81ac764ac1dff918ce2cdfc05099e9974} total annualized return for investors since its inception in 2001, which is more than double that of the S&P 500 over that time frame. Given the shift in the renewable energy-investment landscape and the sheer size of the opportunity, it’s possible that that the company could widen its outperformance in the decades ahead. That’s especially true if it can capture enough opportunities to increase its high-yielding dividend at or above the high end of its 5{0b7da518931e2dc7f5435818fa9adcc81ac764ac1dff918ce2cdfc05099e9974} to 9{0b7da518931e2dc7f5435818fa9adcc81ac764ac1dff918ce2cdfc05099e9974} targeted annual growth range.

 

Matthew DiLallo owns shares of Brookfield Renewable Energy Partners and TerraForm Power. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.



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View Solar Panel, details & specifications from AVK Solutions, a leading Manufacturer of Commercial Solar Panel in Civil Lines, Ludhiana, Punjab.

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Just in time for the impending War in Space, along comes …

Vanity rooftop solar panels.

It all began about a year ago, when Matt Jackson, a salesman with ES Solar, was trying to sell a solar power system to a family who had recently relocated to Ogden.

“I was explaining to them about the customization of our product, and I could see the light bulb went on in their heads,” Jackson recalls. “They said, ‘Can we do a T for Tennessee?’”

Jackson says he’d simply meant they could customize the size of the system — adding or removing panels — but the homeowners wanted to personalize the configuration of their solar array.

“They had just moved here from Tennessee not too long ago to work on base, and they had their Tennessee pride that they brought with them,” Jackson said. “They said, ‘If we can do it in the shape of a “T,” we’re doing it today.’ ”

Needless to say, ES Solar figured a way to give the Ogden family a “T” on their roof.

Fast forward to this past May. Another ES Solar employee, Stockton Takos, was pitching a solar system to a Syracuse family when he happened to mention that his company could even create designer systems. Takos brought up how they’d once done a solar array in a block letter “T” on the roof of a family who’d just moved here from Tennessee.

It got the Syracuse couple to thinking.

“‘Can you do a ‘USA’, ” they asked the salesman.

Takos’ reply: “I bet we can make that happen.”

And sure enough, they did.

Takos says, as he recalls, the homeowners had a family member in the U.S. Air Force, and they knew that the flight path for the fighter jets at Hill Air Force Base took them right over the neighborhood.

“They thought the pilots were going to love this,” Takos said. “Being able to see ‘USA’ as they fly over.”

And with these two examples of conservation-minded homeowners, a potential fad was born.

The possibilities aren’t lost on ES Solar employees.

“Hey, the “U” and the “Y” are simple designs,” Jackson explained. “It’s not just the energy savings, it’s not just the environment — now you can personalize your system and show your team spirit.”

Can’t you just picture it now? Northern Utah neighborhoods filled with block letters spelled out on rooftops, instead of those large, nondescript black rectangles. A “W” for Weber State University fans. A block “U” for University of Utah fans. A “Y” for people who aren’t concerned about things like winning. Or property values.

The only thing that could possibly stop this runaway freight train? Women, who tend to be the sensible ones in a relationship. They very well could put the brakes on this looming solar alphabet soup craze.

“One guy got all excited and said, ‘Oh, we could do it in the shape of a U!’” Jackson remembers at one sales call. “And the wife is, like, ‘Oh, no, no, no …’”

Still, like vanity license plates, the sky’s the limit.

Homeowners might monogram the roof with their initials. Or “RSL,” if they’re soccer fans. I could easily see someone in this state going with “LDS.” Or “NO SOLICITING.”

Folks trying to be funny might spell out “SOS.” Or “E.T. PHONE HOME.” Or even “I’M WITH STUPID,” with an arrow of solar panels pointing to the house next door.

And what of the potential difficulty in trying to sell a house with the ill advised “DISCO 4EVER” emblazoned across the roof? Not to worry, Jackson says.

“You can always add to the system,” he said. “All you have to do is fill in the empty spaces with panels, and the new owners will never notice.”

As for Takos, he can’t wait to see the satellite imagery from Google Maps when this trend really gets going.

“Once the satellite photos update, that will be amazing,” he said.

Speaking of satellites, with the current administration now talking seriously about adding a sixth branch to the U.S. military, I suggest one final can’t-miss solar panel configuration:

“GOD BLESS SPACE FORCE.”

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California’s energy regulators effectively cooked the books to justify their recent command that all homes built in the Golden State after 2020 be equipped with solar panels. Far from a boon to homeowners, the costs to builders and home buyers will likely far exceed the benefits to the state.

The California Energy Commission, which approved the rule as part of new energy-efficiency regulations, didn’t conduct an objective, independent investigation of the policy’s effects. Instead it relied on economic analysis from the consultancy that proposed the policy, Energy and Environmental Economics Inc. Its study concluded that home buyers get a 100{0b7da518931e2dc7f5435818fa9adcc81ac764ac1dff918ce2cdfc05099e9974} investment return—paying $40 more in monthly mortgage costs but saving $80 a month on electricity. If it’s such a good deal, why aren’t home buyers clamoring for more panels already? Most new homes aren’t built with solar panels today, even though the state is saturated by solar marketing.

The Energy Commission is too optimistic about the cost of panels. It assumes the cost was $2.93 a watt in 2016 and will decline 17{0b7da518931e2dc7f5435818fa9adcc81ac764ac1dff918ce2cdfc05099e9974} by 2020. Yet comprehensive analysis of panel costs by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory estimated the average cost of installed panels to be $4.50 a watt for the 2- to 4-kilowatt systems the policy mandates. That is $4,000 more than regulators claim for a 2.6-kilowatt model system in the central part of the state, where 20{0b7da518931e2dc7f5435818fa9adcc81ac764ac1dff918ce2cdfc05099e9974} of new homes are expected to be built. Berkeley Lab further estimates that costs fell a mere 1{0b7da518931e2dc7f5435818fa9adcc81ac764ac1dff918ce2cdfc05099e9974} between 2015 and 2016, far short of the 4{0b7da518931e2dc7f5435818fa9adcc81ac764ac1dff918ce2cdfc05099e9974} average annual decline the regulators predict.

Now consider the alleged savings on energy bills. The commission’s analysis assumes California will maintain its net energy-metering policy, which effectively subsidizes electricity produced by a rooftop solar panel. Residential solar generators are paid as much as eight times what wholesale generators receive, according to a grid operator’s analysis of publicly available data. Dozens of states are rethinking these generous subsidies, paid by ratepayers, because they shift the costs of maintaining the electric grid to relatively poor nonsolar households. The California Public Utilities Commission is set to revisit this regressive policy in 2019—before the solar mandate takes effect.

If the subsidies are removed, solar adopters would be in the red. This is why the electricity generated by the solar mandate should be valued at the cost of its replacement from the grid—not at the subsidized rate households receive. In a presentation at the National Bureau of Economic Research earlier this year, I estimated the value of rooftop generation for each of California’s ZIP Codes using one year of price data from the grid operator. The average electricity value of the solar mandate’s model system is $12.50 a month, far less than the $80 benefit the regulators claim.

Moreover, using statistics to estimate which power plants would respond to additional solar generation, my colleagues and I also estimated the total value of the pollution avoided by the mandate’s model system to be only $6 a month. Even accepting the Energy Commission’s optimism about solar panel costs, the policy’s public benefits are only half as large.

Were state regulators interested in science-based policy to increase solar generation, they would acknowledge that economies of scale allow large-scale solar farms to generate twice the electricity of the solar mandate at the same cost. Inefficient but subsidized rooftop solar limits the market for utility-scale solar by depressing the wholesale electricity prices big generators receive. Even community arrays atop schools and parking lots would be less costly than the commission’s mandate.

Regulators should tailor policy to reflect routine variation in the value of solar generation across the state’s congested electricity grid. Solar panels are most effective when installed where transmission constraints make supply relatively scarce—not on every roof in California.

Though the solar mandate is unlikely to deliver huge savings to consumers, it certainly will raise the price of new and old homes. This couldn’t come at a worse time: Rising housing costs are putting the dream of homeownership further out of reach of low- and middle-income Californians. Sacramento politicians accuse the Trump administration of ignoring science and forgoing expert, independent review in pursuing its environmental and energy agenda. They should look in the mirror.

Mr. Sexton is an assistant professor of public policy and economics at Duke University.

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For the purpose of this question I do not want to focus simply on the fact that there will be less “night time” for the panels while in orbit/outside the atmosphere of a planet.

What I’d like to focus on:

Understanding how much our atmosphere will actually absorb/deflect the incoming solar radiation. How much of a reduction in power are we looking in relation to AU? E.G. Would a solar panel on a plane halfway to the karman line see significant improvement in power? Is there any atmospheric composition in our solar system that would reduce the amount of solar energy available at the surface moreso than Earth?

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Some years are a blessing! That would be this year for me because I get to move up a grade level and therefore continue to work with my incredible students from last year. Now, some teachers are resistant to change and wary of 6th-grade besides. Many teachers would do just about anything to avoid being switched into 6th-grade, but not me! Especially not this year because I will have the honor of getting to work with my students from 5th-grade for another year. They are an amazing group, and I can’t wait to share a learning space with them once again.

It is hard not to be impressed with these kids. They arrive at school each day from single-room family living spaces within multi-family households, most often without having eaten breakfast. Some enter without having heard English since they left the classroom the day before. Some enter without having felt safe or paid attention to since they left. Yet, each day they arrive ready to engage! They astonish me with their compassion and ability to imagine life beyond their knowing. They leave their hardships and troubles at the door and enter willing to immerse themselves in learning!

Our school has not had upper grades since the 4th-6th grades were moved to another site over 8 years ago. Since that time, we have seen the roll-out and adoption of common core and NGSS. Most schools have had a chance to begin to augment past science programs or reimagine them in new, more aligned ways. Our site is starting from scratch.
My students need a solar oven so that they can engage in the kinds of hands-on learning that is happening at every other school in our town. Without the kinds of materials I am seeking to provide for my classroom, my students will not be able to have an experience in 6th-grade science that matches their future peers from across town. The students in my class, for this year and in years to come, deserve to be able to discover in a real way the power of the sun and then, hopefully, begin to transfer that knowledge into an investigation into sustainable energies. This is the goal, to create interest and engagement in our future leaders and thinkers around sustainable and renewable forms of energy.



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Cotnoir claimed solar energy was only slightly higher priced than other energy and actually suggested solar farms pay the total cost of producing their …

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